Up to 1935, the territory of present Martynovsky region was a part Zimovnikovskogo district of Rostov region. In 1935, the district was formed Martynovsky. In 1963, the district merged with Martynovsky Tsimlyansky area in 1965, they were again separated. Since January 1966 Martynovsky area exists in its present form, with the exception of minor changes. The main branch of the region's economy - agriculture, specializing mainly in the production and processing of crops. All created in 16 limited partnerships, two joint stock companies manufacturing agricultural cooperative farm. These companies are the major agricultural producers. Also in the area is mined high quality construction sand and clay for bricks, there are reserves of limestone.